On her website ToriAvey.com, Tori Avey explores the story behind the food – why we eat what we eat, how the recipes of different cultures have evolved, and how yesterday’s recipes can inspire us in the kitchen today. Learn more about Tori and The History Kitchen.

I grew up near San Luis Obispo, an idyllic town on the Central Coast of California. The rugged Pacific coastline, dark sapphire waves and golden hills provided me a bountiful natural playground. I spent countless childhood weekends hunting for seashells, fishing for sanddabs and exploring the tide pools. Growing up surrounded by natural beauty was a privilege, one I appreciate all the more now that I’m living in the noise and traffic jams of Los Angeles. Every so often, I feel the need to return to my roots… to the open spaces and bracing ocean breeze of the Central Coast. In the summer of 2012 I did just that, taking a road trip up the coast of California. My first stop was Hearst Castle, the historical ranch home of William Randolph Hearst. Nestled in the hills above Highway One, 42 miles north of San Luis Obispo and 94 miles south of Monterey, this magnificent estate was Hearst’s dream home, an unfinished 28-year construction project that now stands as a state historic park and museum. Today, the castle receives roughly 1 million visitors per year.

William Randolph Hearst was a wealthy and powerful newspaper publisher who changed the face of American journalism. Born in San Francisco in 1863, Hearst first gained prominence when he took over the San Francisco Examiner newspaper from his father in 1887. Hearst employed some of the best journalists in America and used new tactics to help his paper gain a massive readership. In 1895 Hearst acquired another paper, the New York Journal, putting him in direct competition with rival newspaper proprietor Joseph Pulitzer. His success with the Journal helped him to acquire 28 additional newspapers and magazines, as well as radio stations and movie companies, making him one of the wealthiest men in the world.

Hearst lived a colorful, often controversial life. For several years he dabbled in politics; in 1906 he ran for governor of New York, narrowly losing to opponent Charles E. Hughes. After giving up his political ambitions, Hearst embarked on a long-standing extramarital affair with actress Marion Davies. Orson Welles’ film Citizen Kane is very loosely based on Hearst’s life story. Over two decades after Hearst’s death, his granddaughter Patty Hearst gained notoriety after being kidnapped by a violent revolutionary fringe group known as the Symbionese Liberation Army. In a likely case of Stockholm Syndrome, Patty sympathized with her kidnappers and helped them to rob a bank, after which she was arrested and jailed (she was later pardoned). Even now, more than 60 years after his death, Hearst’s life and achievements continue to fascinate. Nowhere is his impressive legacy more evident than at Hearst Castle, the most beloved project of the newspaper magnate’s life.

Hearst Castle stands on 250,000 acres of coastal ranchland that William Randolph Hearst inherited from his father, George Hearst, a wealthy silver and gold miner. The ranch site was originally 48,000 acres; William later acquired over 200,000 more. Originally known as “Camp Hill,” the land served as a rustic ranch. Hearst traveled there frequently to escape the city; his family and friends would camp there in elaborate tents. Over time, Hearst desired a more permanent residence, a place where he could entertain his world-famous guests in style.

In 1919 Hearst enlisted the help of Julia Morgan, a famed San Francisco architect, to design the estate. For the home site, Hearst chose a rocky perch with a view for miles. He named the site “La Cuesta Encantada” – The Enchanted Hill. Working together, Hearst and Morgan spent 28 years designing Hearst Castle. By 1947, they had created an estate of 165 rooms and 127 acres of gardens, terraces, pools and walkways.

In its heyday, the Castle played host to world famous celebrities, intellectuals, politicians and luminaries. Numerous Hollywood stars enjoyed the estate, including Charlie Chaplin, Greta Garbo, Clark Gable, Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks Jr., Joan Crawford, Gary Cooper, Louis B. Mayer, Lionel and John Barrymore, Jean Harlow, Buster Keaton, Erroll Flynn, Carole Lombard, Barbara Stanwyck and Cary Grant. Other notable visitors included Winston Churchill, Calvin Coolidge, George Bernard Shaw, Charles Lindbergh and Howard Hughes.

As a child I visited the Castle a few times with my grandparents and on elementary school field trips. On my most recent visit, I took the Grand Rooms tour, which gave me a glimpse of the main social rooms in the residence. Of particular interest to me, of course, was the Dining Room. Today it is known as the “Refectory,” the term for a monastery dining hall. If this room looks familiar to you, it may be because you’ve seen the Harry Potter films. The dining hall set at Hogwarts Academy was modeled after it.

The Hearst Castle Refectory is very grand, large in scale and filled with rare museum-quality furnishings. The room measures 67 feet long and 27 feet wide. The walls rise 27 feet to an ornate carved wooden ceiling, which originally belonged to a 16th century monastery in northern Italy. The walls of the room are lined with Gothic Flemish tapestries and paneled with 15th century choir stalls from a Cathedral in Spain. Silken Italian flags known as Ward banners, some over 400 years old, hang between the French Gothic windows. An enormous French Gothic fireplace gapes at the end of the room, the largest of 38 fireplaces in the Castle. The dining tables are monastic refectory tables. Pieces of Hearst’s large antique silver collection can be seen throughout the room.

Despite its valuable antique tapestries and museum-like decor, the food served at Hearst Castle was somewhat rustic. Hearst had always envisioned the castle as his “ranch residence,” which meant that the meals were comprised of fine quality comfort-style foods.

Here is a sample daily menu from the ranch. The menu always included a film that would show in the Castle’s movie theater after dinner. This menu was served on November 28, 1945:

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MENU

La Cuesta Encantada, San Simeon, California

November 28, 1945

Luncheon

Salad

Spare Ribs – Hominy

Fine Herb Omelet

Pastry, Ice

Dinner

Lentil Soup

Roast Ringneck Pheasant

Bread Crumbs, Bread Sauce

Gravy – Mashed Potatoes

Buttered String Beans

Apricot Tartlets

“Blythe Spirit”

Rex Harrison – Constance Cummings

“Newsreel”

United Artists – MGM Exchange

Breakfast 9:00 to 12:00 – Luncheon 2:00 – Dinner 9:00

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Food was served on Real Old Willow English China. Casual silverware and paper napkins were used, even though the room itself was filled with fine antique silver. As you can see by the menu, meals served at the Castle were generally far more relaxed and “ranch-style” than their refined surroundings.

A few months before my trip, I ordered a used cookbook online called “The Enchanted Hill Cookbook.” It has since been republished under a new name, “The Castle Cookbook.” Two Hearst Castle kitchen staff members wrote the book; it contains several recipes from the estate’s glory years. After my tour of the castle, I picked up the book and began browsing through the recipes. I came across a simple recipe entitled “William Randolph Hearst’s Welsh Rarebit.” In the book’s introduction, Hearst’s son William Randolph Hearst Jr. makes reference to the dish as he discusses his father’s eating habits:

Lunch would be about 1:30 p.m., dinner about 8:30 or 9:00 p.m., followed by a movie, and if the night would run, as it frequently did, for an hour or so later, the chances were better that even he would be in the kitchen either grabbing a snack of cold meat and cheese for himself, or making a Welsh rarebit for all comers. The latter dish he made with pride and some beer, but whatever the recipe, I know it was a favorite of all those who were fortunate enough to partake of it. For all I know he might, in some quarters, have been considered a gourmet. Certainly he knew, appreciated, served and ate good food.

The cookbook contains Hearst’s own recipe for Welsh Rarebit, as recalled by the Hearst Castle kitchen staff. Though it may sound like an old-fashioned dish made of rabbit, Welsh Rarebit (sometimes called Welsh Rabbit) is actually a simple dish made from toast and melted cheese. For Hearst’s version of this dish, the cheese and butter would have been procured from the castle’s on-site dairy. The bread would have been baked fresh on site. In fact, most foods at the castle were grown and made there. Fruits and nuts were picked from the orchards, fresh vegetables were grown and raised nearby, and beef and poultry were raised and butchered at the ranch. Dry ingredients and pantry items, like flour and Worcestershire sauce, were purchased in bulk.

As I made Hearst’s Welsh Rarebit at home, I began to daydream about the castle. I imagined myself in the grand kitchen, together with a cast of Hollywood legends, watching Hearst make us a late night snack. What a fun way to taste the history of La Cuesta Encantada.

William Randolph Hearst’s Welsh Rarebit

Welsh Rarebit is actually a simple bread and cheese dish. Tori Avey of The History Kitchen blog explains Hearst's personal affinity for this recipe in a full post here.

Ingredients

• 1 tbsp unsalted butter
• 1 lb (about 4 cups) grated cheddar cheese
• 2/3 cup beer that has been open for at least 30 minutes, room temperature
• 1 tsp dry mustard
• 1 tsp Worcestershire sauce
• 1/4 tsp paprika
• Dash cayenne pepper
• 1 egg
• Toast or crackers

Directions

1. In a chafing dish or large double boiler placed over simmering water, melt the butter. Add the grated cheese and stir until it begins to melt. Slowly add the beer, stirring. I used Sierra Nevada beer as a nod to George Hearst's gold and silver mining past, but you can use any beer you like.
2. Whisk in the seasonings. Beat an egg in a small bowl, then very slowly drizzle the egg into the hot cheese, beating constantly with a whisk to temper the egg and keep it from scrambling. When egg is fully incorporated, continue to stir till the mixture is smooth and heated through.
3. Serve cheese sauce immediately over crackers or toast. I used sourdough toast in honor of Hearst's San Francisco roots (crusty French bread would be lovely, too). I also garnished the dish with some fresh chives. The garnish is not in the original Hearst recipe, but it adds a nice flavor and a pretty finish to the dish.

Cook Time: 5 Minutes

Yield: 6 servings

You can uncover more fascinating food history on Tori’s website: The History Kitchen. She also blogs as The Shiksa in the Kitchen celebrating Jewish cuisine.

Collord, Marjorie (1985). The Enchanted Hill Cookbook: The favorite recipes of William Randolph Hearst. Blake Printing & Publishing, San Luis Obispo, CA.

“Historic People.” Hearst Castle History and Art. Hearst Castle California State Park, n.d. Web. 04 Aug. 2012.

Nasaw, David (2000). The Chief: The Life of William Randolph Hearst. Houghton Mifflin Company, New York, NY.

You can uncover more fascinating food history on Tori’s website: The History Kitchen.

Tori Avey is a food writer, recipe developer, and the creator of ToriAvey.com. She explores the story behind the food – why we eat what we eat, how the foods of different cultures have evolved, and how yesterday’s food can inspire us in the kitchen today. Tori’s food writing and photography have appeared on the websites of CNN, Bon Appetit, Zabar’s, Williams-Sonoma, Yahoo Shine, LA Weekly and The Huffington Post. Follow Tori on Facebook: Tori Avey, Twitter: @toriavey, or Google+.