Volunteer Gwendolyn Zoharah Simmons recalls hearing that James Chaney, Mickey Schwerner, and Andrew Goodman were missing. "Learning that three of our members, two of whom were white, had disappeared really blew away all my ideas that possibly we would have protection from the fact that the majority of the summer volunteers were white. I knew now that that was not the case: that everybody was in grave danger, and that these Mississippians would kill all of us, white and black."