It is difficult to determine with precision the number of casualties from
volcanic eruptions, particularly catastrophic events that occurred centuries
ago. All figures for casualties are estimates drawn from the following sources:
Volcanoes in Human History
by Jelle Zeilinga de Boer and Donald Theodore Sanders. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001.
Vulcan's Fury By
Alwyn Scarth. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1999.
Volcanic Hazards: A Sourcebook on the Effects of Eruptions By
R.J. Blong. Sydney: Academic Press Australia, 1984.
Deadliest Volcanic Eruptions Since 1500 A.D.
vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/LivingWith/VolcanicFacts/deadly_eruptions.html
Web site from the U.S. Geological Survey.
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