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Extreme Science
January 27, 1998
By Mark Hoover
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If you're one of those people who leaves your seatbelt on for the whole flight from New York to Los Angeles, just in case there's turbulence, then you can especially appreciate the mix of fascination and...anticipation...that goes with waiting for the right storm to form way out in the central Pacific, a storm violent enough to attract meteorologists who want to fly through it and take its pulse. I'll be hitching a ride with those meteorologists, and you can bet I'll have my seat belt on.

In October, NOVA got started on a television program about El Niño and the global weather machine, which will air in the fall. As one of the people making the program, I learned about meteorologists who, shall we say, really get into their work. They fly specially equipped planes through the core of violent Pacific storms to collect data that cannot be gotten in any Composite photo of P-3 on runway and lightning strike other way. This is what I call extreme science. And it's only the first of many adventures we'll embark on over the next month as we take the measure of El Niño, from its origins off the coast of South America, to its effects across the globe.

There will be only a day or two's notice before a candidate storm proves strong enough to be worth sending the planes out. With a crew of eight, including Navy pilots, navigators, and even a "bombardier," these are serious missions. More on that bombardier: the plane itself is bristling with instruments, weather radars, and fancy computers, but still, it's only one plane flying in a straight line through the storm. In order to add an extra dimension to the data gathered from the flight, drop sondes are jettisoned out a special chute every few minutes, once the action heats up. Fitted with propeller wings like a maple pod, these miniature weather stations radio back a stream of measurements as they spin down through the storm until splashing into the sea four or five miles below. At almost a thousand dollars a pop, you don't want to waste them on just any old storm. When the drop sondes' data is combined with the plane's, and correlated with satellite measurements and land-based radar images, a three-dimensional portrait of the storm emerges, a CAT scan of a killer still in its lair.

So here I sit, waiting, watching the Weather Channel a lot more than usual, listening for the phone to ring, and a voice to say, "we're on!" Then I'll hurry to join the crew in the plane for a rendezvous with a monster. So will you, as we recreate the Storm Flight for you here on the Web site. El Niño has been throwing off a lot of Pacific storms this winter, but no one knows exactly when the next whopper will spin up. A storm that formed over the weekend almost had the right stuff, but started breaking up at the critical moment of decision. That's ok. There's plenty more where that came from.

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